Resumen

The article analyzes the technological competition between the U.S. and China as a driver in reconfiguring the global economic order. It examines China’s transformation from world factory to technological power and the shift in U.S. strategy from integrating Beijing into the international system to containing its rise. The empirical comparison between both countries is based on their performance in manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services, as well as the international projection of innovations through patents. While the U.S. maintains leadership in advanced technological services, semiconductor design, biotechnology, and intellectual property, China stands out as a manufacturing powerhouse with vertical control over supply chains and renewable technologies, and an increasingly balanced contest in artificial intelligence. The rivalry between the two countries is transforming global value chains, fragmenting the international economic system, and redefining global power hierarchies.

Palabras clave